# 第四册 Lesson 3 Matterhorn man 马特霍恩山区人

## 一、课文原文

Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport, and the more difficult it is, the more highly it is regarded. In the pioneering days however, this was not the case at all. The early climbers were looking for the easiest way to the top because the summit was the prize they sought, especially if it had never been attained before. It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature, equipped in a manner which would make a modern climber shudder at the thought, but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement. They had a single aim, a solitary goal -- the top!

It is hard for us to realize nowadays how difficult it was for the pioneers. Except for one or two places such as Zermatt and Chamonix, which had rapidly become popular, Alpine villages tended to be impoverished settlements cut off from civilization by the high mountains. Such inns as there were were generally dirty and flea-ridden; the food simply local cheese accompanied by bread often twelve months old, all washed down with coarse wine. Often a valley boasted no inn at all, and climbers found shelter wherever they could -- sometimes with the local priest (who was usually as poor as his parishioners), sometimes with shepherds or cheese-makers. Invariably the background was the same: dirt and poverty, and very uncomfortable. For men accustomed to eating seven-course dinners and sleeping between fine linen sheets at home, the change to the Alps must have been very hard indeed.

## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| alpinist | /ˈælpɪnɪst/ | n. | 登山运动员 | 特指攀登阿尔卑斯山的人 |
| pioneering | /ˌpaɪəˈnɪərɪŋ/ | adj. | 先驱的，开拓的 | pioneering days 开拓时期 |
| attain | /əˈteɪn/ | v. | 达到，抵达 | attain the summit 登顶；attain one's goal 达到目标 |
| perilous | /ˈperɪləs/ | adj. | 危险的，冒险的 | = dangerous，比dangerous更具文学色彩 |
| shudder | /ˈʃʌdə/ | v. | 颤抖，战栗 | shudder at the thought 一想到就发抖 |
| court | /kɔːt/ | v. | 追求，招惹 | court danger 招惹危险；court excitement 追求刺激 |
| solitary | /ˈsɒlɪtəri/ | adj. | 唯一的，孤独的 | a solitary goal 唯一的目标 |
| impoverished | /ɪmˈpɒvərɪʃt/ | adj. | 贫困的 | = very poor，比poor更正式 |
| flea-ridden | /ˈfliːˌrɪdn/ | adj. | 跳蚤成群的 | -ridden 充满...的（名词+ridden） |
| coarse | /kɔːs/ | adj. | 粗糙的，粗劣的 | coarse wine 劣质酒；coarse cloth 粗布 |
| invariably | /ɪnˈveəriəbli/ | adv. | 不变地，总是 | = always，更正式 |
| parishioner | /pəˈrɪʃənə/ | n. | 教区居民 | parish 教区 |
| boast | /bəʊst/ | v. | 拥有（值得骄傲的事物） | 此处非"吹嘘"，而是"以拥有...而自豪" |

## 三、语法知识点

### 1. the more...the more... 比较级句型

> **The more difficult** it is, **the more highly** it is regarded.

| 结构 | 用法 |
|------|------|
| the + 比较级..., the + 比较级... | 越...越... |
| 前半句为条件，后半句为结果 | 均使用倒装语序（省略主语时） |

### 2. It is true that...but... 让步转折

> **It is true that**...they often faced difficulties...**but** they did not go out of their way to court such excitement.

- 先承认事实，再转折——经典让步论证结构
- 类似：Admittedly..., however...

### 3. Such...as... 定语从句

> **Such inns as** there were were generally dirty...

- such + 名词 + as + 定语从句
- as 在从句中作主语/宾语，替代 which/that
- 含义：仅有的那几家旅馆

### 4. 过去分词作伴随状语

> ...equipped in a manner which would make a modern climber shudder...

- equipped = 装备着（表状态）
- 逻辑主语为 they（early climbers）

## 四、重点句型分析

### 1. go out of one's way to do 特意/故意去做

> ...they did not go out of their way to court such excitement.

- = make a special effort to do sth.
- 仿写：She went out of her way to help me.

### 2. wash down with 用...送下（食物）

> ...all washed down with coarse wine.

- wash down food with drink = 用饮料配食物
- 仿写：The steak was washed down with red wine.

### 3. accustomed to 习惯于

> For men accustomed to eating seven-course dinners...

- accustomed to + 名词/动名词 = used to
- 注意：be accustomed to do 也可，表示"习惯于做"

### 4. cut off from 与...隔绝

> Alpine villages tended to be impoverished settlements cut off from civilization...

- cut off from = isolated from
- 被动含义：被高山与文明隔绝

## 五、课文翻译

现代登山运动员总想找一条能给他们带来运动乐趣的路线来攀登山峰。他们认为，道路愈艰险愈带劲儿。然而，在登山运动的初期，全然不是这种情况。早期登山者所寻找的是通往山顶的最方便的途径，因为山顶才是他们追求的目标，尤其是从未有人登顶的山峰。诚然，在探险中他们常常面临极其危险的困难和险境，其装备方式令现代登山者一想起来就不寒而栗，但他们并非刻意追求这种刺激。他们只有一个目标，一个唯一的目标——山顶！

如今我们很难体会到先驱者们当时有多困难。除了采尔马特和夏蒙尼等一两个很快声名远扬的地方外，阿尔卑斯山区的村庄往往是穷困的居民点，与文明世界被高山隔绝。仅有的几家旅馆一般都很脏，跳蚤成群；食物只是当地的奶酪，配上存放了十二个月之久的面包，再灌下劣质的葡萄酒。山谷里往往连旅馆都没有，登山者只好到哪住哪——有时住在当地牧师家里（他通常和教民一样穷），有时和牧羊人或奶酪工住在一起。背景总是相同的：肮脏、贫穷，极不舒服。对于在家习惯了七道菜的正餐和亚麻床单的人来说，到阿尔卑斯山来的变化一定非常难熬。

## 六、语言点精讲

### 1. 写作手法：对比论证

全文以**现代登山者**（追求难度）与**早期登山者**（追求登顶）的对比为主线，再用早期登山者在家中的奢华生活与阿尔卑斯山的艰苦条件形成第二层对比，层层递进。

### 2. 文化背景

- **马特霍恩峰（Matterhorn）**：阿尔卑斯山脉最著名的山峰之一，位于瑞士与意大利交界，海拔4,478米
- **采尔马特（Zermatt）**和**夏蒙尼（Chamonix）**：阿尔卑斯山两大登山圣地
- **七道菜正餐（seven-course dinner）**：西方正式宴会传统，体现登山者在家中的富裕生活

### 3. 修辞分析

- **破折号强调**：a solitary goal -- the top! 用破折号和感叹号强化早期登山者的唯一目标
- **反讽**：boasted no inn at all（"以没有旅馆而自豪"——实际是讽刺连旅馆都没有）
- **感官细节**：dirty, flea-ridden, coarse wine, twelve months old——以具体细节营造艰苦氛围

## 七、课后练习要点

1. **理解题**：In what way did the early climbers differ from modern alpinists?（目标不同：登顶 vs 追求难度）
2. **语法题**：the more...the more... 句型的变体练习
3. **词汇题**：区分 court/attain/shudder/impoverished 的用法
4. **写作练习**：用对比手法描述古今差异

## 八、本课小结

本课主题为**早期登山运动的历史**，核心对比：现代登山者追求难度，早期登山者追求登顶。语法重点包括the more...the more比较句型、It is true that...but让步结构、such...as定语从句、过去分词作状语等。写作手法上运用双重对比论证和生动的感官描写，使历史画面极具感染力。